Before you start looking for a home, get pre-qualified for a loan. Banks, Credit Unions, Mortgage Bankers, and Mortgage Brokers make home loans. These lenders will take an application, process the loan documents, and see the loan through to the funding stage.
If you have marginal or bad credit, consult your lender. You may be able to qualify for a loan depending on how long ago and what reason(s) caused the bad credit. A lender should be able to advise you on whether your credit history will prevent you from qualifying for a home loan.
You will need a downpayment. Downpayment requirements vary between 3 to 20% or more depending on the type of loan. Many downpayment assistant programs exist. These programs may loan or grant you the funds necessary for the downpayment. Consult with a lender about programs available in your area.
You will need funds for closing costs Closing costs are charges for services related to the closing of your real estate transaction. They include, but are not limited to:
- Escrow fees charged by company handling the transaction
- Title policy issuance fees charged by the title insurance company
- Mortgage insurance fees
- Fire and homeowners insurance
- County Recorder fees for recording your deed
- Loan origination fees
Consult your lender for an actual estimate of these costs, as well as information about loan programs which can assist in financing your closing costs.
Some loans have "points" and some do not. A point is a loan origination fee equivalent to 1% of the loan amount. Together with the interest rate they constitute the yield on your loan for the lender. Some lenders charge a higher interest rate to compensate for charging no points. It is important to comparison shop lenders to make sure your loan is at a competitive yield.
Should you select a mortgage with a fixed rate or an adjustable rate? The answer to this question depends on whether mortgage rates are at a high or a low point when you purchase, and on how long you plan to live in the home. If rates are high, an adjustable rate might be attractive since subsequent rate drops could reduce your monthly payments. Additionally, lenders may offer a below-market rate during the first few years of an adjustable mortgage to make it appealing to you. If interest rates are low you might want to take a fixed rate to protect yourself against the possibility of rising interest rates.
Be aware of the two main types of loan categories.
- Conventional Loans. Conventional mortgage loans are available up to a maximum of 97% loan-to-value. Interest rates may be fixed or adjustable for the term of the loan. Loans with high loan-to-value may require mortgage insurance.
- Government Loans. These include Federal Housing Administration (FHA) fixed and adjustable rate mortgage loans, and Veterans Administration (VA) fixed rate mortgage loans. FHA loans are available up to 97.65% loan-to-value. Eligible U.S. veterans can receive up to 100% loan-to-value financing through VA loans.
If you are a low or moderate income homebuyer, there are special programs designed to help you. These loans are available through private lenders, as well as local and state housing agencies, like the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA). Most lenders specializing in real estate mortgage loans are aware of these types of loan programs.
Why might I have to pay mortgage insurance? Mortgage insurance protects the lender from potential loss if you should default on your mortgage loan payment. Generally, conventional loans that are less than 80% loan-to-value do not require mortgage insurance. For FHA mortgage loans, mortgage insurance is always required. It is referred to as a Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) and is collected regardless of the Loan-to-Value.
Many organizations offer home loan counseling to prospective homebuyers. These organizations provide classes for homebuyers to cover the steps to homeownership. They will cover home selection, realtor services, lenders, loan programs, homeownership responsibilities, saving for a downpayment, and other important pieces of information. Many first-time homebuyer programs require homebuyers to attend this type of class to be eligible for selected programs.

Buying And Financing a Home

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Table of Contents

Tax Credit for First Time Homebuyers 2008, 2009

Role of the Real Estate Broker
Selecting an Attorney
Terms of the Agreement of Sale
Shopping for a Loan
Selecting A Settlement Agent

Securing Title Services

Owner's Policy

Choice of Title Insurer

Review Initial Title Report

Coverage & Cost Savings

Survey

RESPA Disclosures
Processing Your Loan Application
RESPA protection against illegal referral fees
Your Right to File Complaints
Consumer Guides - Buying and Financing a Home
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

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